The Jews and the Covenants
Saturday, June 12th, 2004Although this is supposed to be a “Jeremiad”, a blog on the book of Jeremiah, a new reader just picking up this thread will wonder how—after a rather extended drought of blogs on this topic—we got into the New Testament. So, as a reminder, note that Jeremiah is the greatest Old Testament proclaimer of the new covenant, an accomplishment that sets him up to be extensively quoted by the New Testament writers. In fact, the author of the book of Hebrews honors him by making one of his prophecies (Jer. 31) the longest single quotation of the Old Testament in the New.
As a result we determined to trace the usage of the word “covenant” in the New Testament leading eventually to the aforementioned quotation in Hebrews. Along the way we examined our Lord’s use of the word in establishing the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper. And more recently we saw how John the Baptist’s father Zechariah used the word in his song that unleashed his muteness after John’s birth.
In my ESV Bible, that passage in Luke quoting Zechariah’s song has the word “covenant” marked by a small italicized lower case letter “d” that refers the reader to a similar passage somewhere else in the Bible. That somewhere else, as it turns out, is in dreaded territory; namely, Romans 9. I say dreaded because in that chapter and the two following, the Apostle Paul makes statements about God that frankly send shivers down my spine. Here’s one of the them: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated” (verse 13).
The physicist Niels Bohr once said: “If quantum mechanics hasn’t profoundly shocked you, you haven’t understood it yet.” As a corollary, Richard Feynman, another Nobel Laureate noted, “No one understands quantum mechanics.” In other words, though the theory works, it describes a nonsensical world of particles that act like waves, and waves that act like particles. The human mind simply isn’t able to grasp “the truth” that is embedded in this particular aspect of the way the universe is designed.
So it is with the doctrine of election. It is clearly taught in scripture—as the above passage indicates. And it well describes our fallen world where there are those who simply won’t believe, no matter how persuasively the case for Christianity is argued. Our American minds recoil at this: a world which seems fundamentally “unfair.” The Gospel is offered equally to all, but only those whom God has chosen will in the end come to Him.
There, I’ve said it. Yet, as the great preacher Charles Spurgeon once pointed out, talk to someone who seems clearly outside the elect, and ask him if he wants to be elected. Never! The whole religion thing seems to him utter nonsense and anathema. Better to spend eternity (which he also rejects) living in seeming autonomy than bow the knee to a sovereign Creator. There is a flavor in this reaction that causes John Paul Sartre’s thesis that “hell is other people” (in his play No Exit) to ring somewhat true.
Which brings us to the specific quotation from Paul that includes the word covenant. Because, you see, Paul there speaks of Hell—and even places himself in it! Hear his words:
I am speaking the truth in Christ–I am not lying; my conscience bears me witness in the Holy Spirit–that I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. For I could wish that I myself were accursed and cut off from Christ for the sake of my brothers, my kinsmen according to the flesh. They are Israelites, and to them belong the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the worship, and the promises. To them belong the patriarchs, and from their race, according to the flesh, is the Christ who is God over all, blessed forever. Amen. (Rom 9:1-5)
So it seems that Paul, the great Jew and great Christian, is saying that he could wish that he himself could be sent to Hell if that meant that his fellow Jews could be saved. Why did he feel so deeply about this? Because of the covenant! Actually, because of the covenants (plural) along with the other items he lists including the adoption, the glory, the giving of the law, the worship and the promises—culminating in the appearance of God in the Flesh, the Christ who by human reckoning is…..a Jew!
I have many questions about this passage that I’m not prepared to answer. These include:
·Why is covenant pluralized? I.e., what are the covenants he is talking about?
·What is the adoption?
·What is the glory?
(I assume “the glory” has to do with the pillar of fire and cloud that led the children of Israel out of Egypt. But it might mean other things as well.)
Suffice it to say that Paul, like Zechariah before him, looks back in the history of God’s chosen people and sees the covenant as a key way of God’s dealing with those whom He has chosen. To Zechariah it was God remembering His covenant through that special providence which was the birth of Zechariah’s own baby boy who was to prepare the way of the Messiah. To Paul, it was God declaring His covenantal love for the sons of Israel who would be the ancestors of the Messiah. “Jacob I loved….”
As for me, I leave it to the Sovereign Lord to make His sovereign choice in election, while I focus on being the receiver of His covenantal love. That love for Jacob is also a love for me and mine who like him are the beneficiaries of the “new covenant in His blood.”
{Comments and suggestions on those questions above that I fail to address in this blog will be greatly appreciated.}